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— | notes [2010/12/08 21:26] (current) – created - external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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+ | Notes from 12/7/10 meeting going over class and readings - general comments below and detailed comments throughout readings/ | ||
+ | * 2-3 year cadence for intro class, more in depth in between? | ||
+ | * more continuity in the readings if possible... | ||
+ | * 2 hour block with snack / moving around break in the middle | ||
+ | * organizers set precedent for how talks / discussion should run in the first meeting | ||
+ | * add apodization somewhere? glossary wiki page somewhere?? | ||
+ | * need better copies of VLASS and SDRATA articles - online version figures are unreadable when printed | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Detailed topic list, with associated readings ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **8/31** --- **//Science //** | ||
+ | - Course introduction | ||
+ | - Introduction to science and radiative processes relevant to the radio astronomy | ||
+ | * Statia: Molecular mysteries in the Solar System | ||
+ | * Why do rotational lines appear in the millimeter regime? | ||
+ | * Small scale: planets, comets, solar system molecular-line studies | ||
+ | * Relevant emission mechanisms: molecular rotational lines | ||
+ | * Chat: Molecular mysteries in the Galaxy | ||
+ | * Small-to-medium scale: protostars, dense cores, molecular clouds, disks, CO and other molecules | ||
+ | * Relevant emission mechanisms: molecular rotational lines, thermal dust emission | ||
+ | * Amber: Molecular and atomic mysteries of intra- and extragalactic nature | ||
+ | * Galactic and extragalactic HI, high-velocity clouds | ||
+ | * Relevant emission mechanisms: molecular rotational lines, 21 cm radiation | ||
+ | * Peter: Transient galactic mysteries | ||
+ | * Galactic radio sources & transients: pulsars, X-ray binaries, Galactic synchrotron background, Bremsstrahlung in HII regions, supernova remnants, masers, microquasars, | ||
+ | * Relevant emission mechanisms: Bremsstrahlung, | ||
+ | * Jonnie: Extragalactic and cosmological mysteries | ||
+ | * Cosmology: quasars and radio galaxies, galaxy clusters (Sunyaev-Zel' | ||
+ | * Relevant emission mechanisms: synchrotron, | ||
+ | - **Notes:** tricky problem here... | ||
+ | |||
+ | == 9/7 --- Single-dish basics == | ||
+ | - Radio basics and reflector antennas | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone: | ||
+ | * Carl's [[http:// | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters: | ||
+ | * Kraus (1986 ed.), [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Specific intensity, flux density, brightness temperature | ||
+ | * Antennas as abstract power collectors: A_eff, Jy/K, T_ant | ||
+ | * Antenna architecture zoo (in Kraus reading) | ||
+ | * **Notes:** Fount of Knowledge great, SDRATA fine, Kraus kind of neat | ||
+ | - Practicalities and Performance Parameters | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** ([[http:// | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * T_sys, SEFD | ||
+ | * Primary beam, sidelobes, spillover, etc. | ||
+ | * Confusion | ||
+ | * **Notes:** better reading for this (especially the confusion, 1/f noise reading) - use astrobaki as resource for how these things are tied together. Look for chapter in more basic text? | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==9/14 --- Single-dish signal path & calibration== | ||
+ | - Signal path | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * Heterodyning Wikipedia [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters: | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Feed, polarizer, OMT, mixer, LNA, filters | ||
+ | * Heterodyning | ||
+ | * Back-ends: detectors (samplers come later) | ||
+ | * Focal plane arrays (inc. coma, abberations) | ||
+ | * Bolometer arrays | ||
+ | * **Notes:** diagrams don't copy well from SDRATA and VLASS | ||
+ | * SDRATA good, short, fairly clear; wiki article pretty good | ||
+ | * presenter reading on back-ends was good and should be added to everyone readings | ||
+ | * presenter reading on focal-plane arrays good as presenter reading - move this to the end of the course though in a ' | ||
+ | - Calibration | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone: | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters: | ||
+ | * CARMA calibration example 1: [[http:// | ||
+ | * CARMA calibration example 2: [[http:// | ||
+ | * CARMA calibration example 3: [[http:// | ||
+ | * Optional: Carl suggests [[http:// | ||
+ | * Optional: Carl suggests [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Finding T_off with frequency and/or position switching and/or chopper wheel method | ||
+ | * Bandpass calibration (i.e. filter response) | ||
+ | * Gain calibration | ||
+ | * Pointing calibration | ||
+ | * **Notes:** reading is generally good, but seems just about spectral line - make this clear | ||
+ | * this seems the same as the next lecture - need to combine! **needs work!** | ||
+ | * intro of Carl's paper decent, probably remove the GALFA memo | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==9/21 --- Single Dish Observing, Spectral Line Basics== | ||
+ | - Single Dish Observing | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone: | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Observing Techniques: on/off, beam-switching | ||
+ | * Gain stability (particularly the need to map on a timescale shorter than antenna-gain fluctuations) | ||
+ | * Mapping Techniques: on-the-fly vs. grid mapping (boustrophedonic, | ||
+ | * **Notes:** same as previous lecture - need to combine! The idea was to talk about mapping, but didn't work out....**needs work!** | ||
+ | - Spectral line Basics | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone: | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters: | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Velocity definitions and line width considerations | ||
+ | * Doppler tracking | ||
+ | * Local Standard of Rest (LSR) definitions | ||
+ | * Spectrometers | ||
+ | * **Notes:** unclear what the point was...needs work | ||
+ | * back-ends reading not good | ||
+ | * optional reading was good and should be for everyone | ||
+ | * rework entire 3 sessions - James, Therese and Katie: one joint topic on ' | ||
+ | * keep spectral line reduction techniques here, but move doppler tracking, velocities definitions, | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==9/28 --- Fourier Transforms== | ||
+ | - Fourier Transforms | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * {{: | ||
+ | * The section on digital audio in [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters** | ||
+ | * FFT Wikipedia [[http:// | ||
+ | * Filtering Wikipedia [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Convolution theorem | ||
+ | * Discrete vs. continuous FTs | ||
+ | * Aliasing | ||
+ | * FFTs | ||
+ | * Basic FT examples | ||
+ | * Sampling, Nyquist Theorem | ||
+ | * Autocorrelation | ||
+ | * **Notes:** FT reading is good, need to talk about digital sampling stuff somewhere else (need a reading - start from astrobaki) | ||
+ | * keep this lecture just all FT - do less of full derivation (astrobaki), | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==10/5 --- Polarization== | ||
+ | - Characterization of Polarization | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters: | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * {{: | ||
+ | * {{: | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Why do we care about polarization? | ||
+ | * What is polarization, | ||
+ | * Geometric description of polarization | ||
+ | * Stokes parameters | ||
+ | * **Notes:** Casey says wikipedia page on Poincare sphere is good - maybe we don't need to talk about it, Carl readings are good | ||
+ | * get rid of VLASS reading for presenters | ||
+ | - Measurement of Polarization | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * SDRATA [[http:// | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Jones matrices | ||
+ | * Mueller matrices | ||
+ | * Instrumental response | ||
+ | * Leakage terms | ||
+ | * Beam squint & squash | ||
+ | * Causes of depolarization | ||
+ | * Bandwidth depolarization (Faraday rotation) | ||
+ | * Beam depolarization (mention RM synthesis) | ||
+ | * Optical depth depolarization | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==10/12 --- Interferometry I== | ||
+ | - 2-element interferometer | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * TMS 2.1, 2.2 = 8 pp. (email '' | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters: | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Fringes | ||
+ | * b-dot-s | ||
+ | * Visibilities | ||
+ | * **Notes:** TMS reading is good | ||
+ | - Interferometer response | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * TMS 2.3, 2.4 = 10 pp. (email '' | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Sky coordinates and (u,v) plane | ||
+ | * FT relationship between visibilities and sky domain | ||
+ | * Primary beam | ||
+ | * Resolution | ||
+ | * **Notes:** the way Garrett and Jonnie split it up is better - see astrobaki | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==10/19 --- Interferometry II== | ||
+ | - Basic properties of synthesis arrays | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * Wright 10.3.3 = 2 pp. | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * NOTE: Wright 10.2.1-2 should probably be here | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Sensitivity & noise | ||
+ | * Radiometer equation | ||
+ | * Fringe rotation | ||
+ | * Delays | ||
+ | * Phase center | ||
+ | * **Notes:** VLASS reading are very dense, but good | ||
+ | * this section was done as adding the rotating sky and sensitivity | ||
+ | |||
+ | - Aperture Synthesis | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * Wright 10.3.1, 10.3.2 = 5 pp. | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters** | ||
+ | * TMS 5.6 = 15 pp. | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Filling (u,v) plane/ | ||
+ | * Earth-rotation synthesis | ||
+ | * Synthesized beam | ||
+ | * Effects of weighting on sensitivity | ||
+ | * **Notes:** lecture, astrobaki not what we wanted; better reading? | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==10/26 --- Interferometry III== | ||
+ | - Correlators and Phase Switching | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * Wright 10.2.1, 10.2.2 = 2 pp. - REMOVE | ||
+ | * Wright 10.2.4(b) should be here | ||
+ | * TMS 8.7 = 16 pp. (email '' | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters** | ||
+ | * TMS 7.5 (Walshing and phase switching) = 8 pp. | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * UNM [[http:// | ||
+ | * GMRT [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * How does the correlator work? | ||
+ | * Why and how do you channelize your bandwidth? | ||
+ | * The difference between XF (lag) and FX correlators | ||
+ | * Why and how do you phase switch? What is a Walshing function? | ||
+ | * **Notes:** switch TMS 8.7 and VLASS Ch.4 reading - VLASS was better | ||
+ | * TMS 7.5 was terrible -> need a better reading for this topic | ||
+ | |||
+ | - Calibration | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * Wright 10.2.3 = 2 pp. | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters: | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * CARMA calibration example 1: [[http:// | ||
+ | * CARMA calibration example 2: [[http:// | ||
+ | * CARMA calibration example 3: [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Define the Basic Interferometric Calibrations: | ||
+ | * why do you need to do each? | ||
+ | * where in the visibility function does each correction appear? | ||
+ | * time permitting, show a few before and after illustrations of these corrections (or just draw them on the board) | ||
+ | * Selfcal | ||
+ | * why do we use selfcal? | ||
+ | * how does it work? | ||
+ | * emphasize that selfcal preserves closure quantities (and explain what these are) | ||
+ | * **Notes:** good readings, but need to move selfcal somewhere else | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==11/2 --- Imaging I== | ||
+ | - Dirty map and weighting | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * TMS 10.2 = 11 pp. (email '' | ||
+ | * Wright, 10.4.1 = 2 pp. | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Give an overview of the imaging process: grid, weight, FFT | ||
+ | * What is the dirty map? (show how your map is the convolution of the true sky with the FT of your uv coverage) | ||
+ | * How does aliasing affect your images? | ||
+ | * **Notes:** good readings | ||
+ | |||
+ | - Deconvolution and MFS | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * Wright 10.4.2 = 3 pp. | ||
+ | * TMS 11.1-11.3 = 12 pp. (email '' | ||
+ | * TMS 11.7 = 1 p. (email '' | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters** | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Selfcal | ||
+ | * why do we use selfcal? | ||
+ | * how does it work? | ||
+ | * emphasize that selfcal preserves closure quantities (and explain what these are) | ||
+ | * Deconvolution methods: CLEAN, Maximum Entropy | ||
+ | * fancier methods: multi-resolution clean | ||
+ | * Describe multi-frequency synthesis (MFS): taking advantage of spectral uv coverage | ||
+ | * **Notes:** good readings; no room for selfcal here either though | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==11/9 --- Imaging II== | ||
+ | - Imaging errors and data editing | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters** | ||
+ | * [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Present examples of imaging errors and how to recognize them: | ||
+ | * their characteristics | ||
+ | * their causes | ||
+ | * errors listed in ch. 15 and time, bandwidth smearing | ||
+ | * Justify why data editing is acceptable | ||
+ | * how many datà get edited‽ : a lot | ||
+ | * **Notes:** VLASS Ch 17 reading not good - perhaps TMS replacement? | ||
+ | | ||
+ | ==11/16 --- Imaging III: Wide-field Imaging== | ||
+ | - Non-coplanar imaging | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * W-Projection: | ||
+ | * **Additional Readings for Presenters** | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * What is the w term and when do you need to worry about it? | ||
+ | * Describe some methods for handling wide fields: | ||
+ | * faceted (polyhedron) imaging | ||
+ | * w-projection | ||
+ | * **Notes:** VLASS Ch 17 not good - remove it; add VLASS Ch.2 explanation about coordinates | ||
+ | * VLASS Ch 19 was good but we need more material | ||
+ | - Mosaicking | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Describe why we use mosaicking and some complications involved | ||
+ | * **Notes:** good | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==11/18 --- Imaging IV: Spectral Line and Polarization Considerations== | ||
+ | - Spectral Line | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * Describe moment maps | ||
+ | * What is beam smearing? | ||
+ | * Describe different methods of continuum subtraction and advantages / disadvantages of each | ||
+ | * **Notes:** add velocity definitions stuff from spectral line for single dish and turn this into one full day (2 session) discussion | ||
+ | - Polarization | ||
+ | * **Readings for Everyone:** | ||
+ | * TMS 4.8, pp. 112-117 = 5 pp. (email '' | ||
+ | * VLASS [[http:// | ||
+ | * **Specific Topics to be Covered:** | ||
+ | * How do you calibrate your instrumental polarization? | ||
+ | * Discuss considerations for imaging polarization products: | ||
+ | * Q,U,V can be negative | ||
+ | * **Notes:** get rid of this entirely? | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==11/30 --- Berkeley radio astronomy; wrap-up == | ||
+ | - Radio astronomy in the Berkeley community | ||
+ | * CARMA, ATA, PAPER, and others | ||
+ | - Clarification of topics; wrap-up | ||